Gyratory crusher



Feb. 22, 41944.

A. J. ROUBAL 2,342,371 GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed Jan. 22, 194;

Patented Feb. 22, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AGiYRA'IORY CRUSHERAlexander J. Roubal, Wauwatosa, Wis., assignor to r.Allis-ChalmersManufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of DelawareApplication January 22, 1941, ScrialNo. 375,390

Such gear pump is driven by rotation of the crusher eccentric and isoperative to pump lubri .eating oil to bearing surfaces of the Crusheronly when the crusher is rotated in one direction. If

the Crusher is to be operated in the other direction of rotation, forany reason whatever, it is necessary to change both the ports throughwhich the oil enters the pump and through which the flow of oil from thepump is discharged.

Some gyratory Crushers are made with a selitightening nut which retainsthe crushing head mantle and the head center on the crusher shaft. Suchnut is threaded on the shaft and is pinned to the head mantle thusturning with the head mantle on the shaft thread `and forcing the mantleand the mantle center more tightly on `the shaft. The self-tighteningaction continues during crushing operation until the crushing headcenter and the mantle are so tightly pressed on the shaft as to act asan integral member rather than as though made of several parts. Whenitbecomes necessary to replace a mantle, the head nut must be released andCrusher operators have heretofore had to resort to laboriously sledgingthe nut in an effort to turn it backward, to heating of the nut, toburning off of portions of the nut or even to use of explosives torelease the nut. Such methods of releasing the nut are, however, verylengthy or very dangerous and frequently result in damage to the crusheritself.

The nut can be made self-loosening if the Crusher is used for crushingin the reverse of its previous direction of rotation. The crusher mustof course be lubricated durin-g such reverse operation, and hence it washeretofore necessary to plug up one set of ports and to open up anotherset of ports of the lubricating pump as disclosed in the above identiedpatent, to permit reversal Aof the crusher rotation. For many reasons`crusher operators do not wish to drain the large vquantity of oil inthe sump and to do the relatively Vdifficult disassembly work 'requiredfor changing the ports on the oil pump to permit reversal of Crusherrotation. The provision of a gear pump with means for automaticallysecuring substantially continuous discharge of lubricant regardless ofthe direction of rotation of the pump and hence of the Crusher, avoidsthe need for partially disassembling and reassembling the orusher topermit the reveres operationr thereof. The mere reverse operation of theCrusher is su-fcient to secure loosening of the nut and to .elimi-.natethe slow or dangerous practices heretofore employed to accomplishsuch loosening. It is therefore an ,object of the present `ini/en tionto provide a gyratory Crusher with a pump constructed to automaticallyprovide lubrication of the Crusher regardless of the direction ofrotation thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a reversble rotarypump with a valve operable upon reversal of the pump, for controlling`some ports of the pump to maintain unidirectional discharge from thepump.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a reversible gearpump with uncontrolled inlet ports and controlled Outlet ports tomaintain a continuous discharge from the pump regardless of thedirection of rotation thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a gyratory Crusher with agear pump having con tinuously open inlet ports and having a valveoperated by the pressure and vacuum produced by the pump to control aplurality of outlet ports for maintaining a constant unidirectional flowof oil for lubricating the Crusher regardless of the direction ofrotation of the crusher.

Objects and advantages other than those above set forth Will be apparentfrom the following description when read in connection with theaccompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional View taken on substantially acentral plane of a Crusher of the gyratory type t0 show the location andmanner of operation of the gear pump for lubricating the Crusher;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the horizontal plane II-Il toillustrate the ducts for lubricat ing the lower or eccentric bearing ofthe crusher; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the vertical `planeIII--III of Fig. 5 to illustrate the sliding valve controlling thedischarge ports of the pump whereby unidirectional discharge therefromis maintained;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the horizontal plane IV-IV of Fig. 3to show the relation of the pump gears and the relation of the inlet andthe discharge ports to such gears; and

Fig. 5 is a view taken on the vertical sectional plane V-V of Fig. 3 toillustrate particularly the manner in which the pump is operated.

Referring to the drawing by characters of reference, reference numeral 6designates a main frame forming the base and support for the otherportions of the crusher and on which is mounted a top shell 1 lined withplates 8 which are the so-called concaves which form one of the abrasionresisting crushing surfaces ofthe machine. A spider II extends acrossthe top of the shell 1 to form a support for the gyratory crushingmember. The central portion of the spider II is provided with a bearingI2 in which is mounted a nut I3 attached to a shaft I4, the nut I3 andthe end of the shaft I4 being protected by a spider cap I5. The mainvshaft I4 isformed The ports 48 and 49 are inlet ports for the lubricant from the sump 39 into the chamber 41 and are not controlled in anyway. The pumping chamber 41 is substantially lled by a pair ofintermeshing gears 5I and 52 with the gear 5I mounted on a freelyrotating spindle 54 and with the spindle 53 of the gear 52 extendingoutwardly from the housing 46 and having an arm 55 keyed thereon andextending into contact with a lug 56 formed on the inner surface of thesump 39. The inlet ports 43 and 43 serve the gears 52 and 5I,respectively, and are located 180 from l the meshing point of the gearsand from each with a conical portion intermediate its length on which isseated a member I1 known as the head center which is formed with anouter conical portion forming a seat for a cover or mantle I8 which isthe other of the` crushing surfaces. The center I1 and the mantle I8collectively,7 form the crushing head and are held on the shaft I4 by anut I9 which is made with either a right or left hand thread to engage asimilar thread on the shaft depending on the desired direction ofrotation of the crusher. The nut I9 is fastened to the' head mantle I8by pins 23 driven into holes formed by half round grooves in the top ofthe mantle and the bottom of tne nut, to act as keys in locking togetherthe mantle and the nut.

Y The lower end of the shaft I4 is mounted in an eccentric 23 whichrotates in a bushing 24 mounted in a support 25 which with ribs 26 formsa portion of the main frame 6 and with which is formed a spout 21. Theeccentric 23 extends downwardly from the lower end of the shaft I4 andis outwardly flanged to provide a seat for a bevel ring gear 3l. Thering gear 3i meshes with a bevel pinion gear 32 mounted on acountershaft 33 which extends outwardly through suitable bearings 34.The countershaft may be driven by any suitable means (not shown) andthrough the bevel gearing, drives the eccentric which produces thegyratory motion of the main shaft, and the crushing head as is wellknown and therefore not described. The lower end of the eccentric 23 isshown as being hollow and as resting on a wear plate 36 which rests on abottom plate 31 made as an annulus with passages 38 through the bodythereof and opening into the center portion thereof. The bottom plate 31is closed by a cover plate 39 forming a basin in the lowermost point ofthe crusher structure to act as a sump for collecting the lubricatingoil for the Crusher.

A member 4I is mounted in the hollow lowei end of the eccentric 23 toform a closure across the eccentric immediately below the end of theshaft I4 and another closure at the lower end of the eccentric, the twoclosure portions being connected with a tubular portion forming aconduit for lubricant and the whole forming a filler for the hollowlower end of the eccentric. A vpump is mounted on the lower end of thefiller 4I for pumping lubricant from the sump 33 to lubricate thebearing surfaces between the eccentric 23 and the shaft lI4 and betweenthe eccentric and the bushing 24 and to overflow from vthe upper end ofsuch lbearing surfaces on the pinion gear 32 for lubricating the Crusherdriving gears. The pump comprises a housing 46 having a pumping chamber41 with a. plurality of ports 48 -and l49 connecting the chamber 41 withthe sump 39.

other. The pump gear chamber 41 is provided with outlet ports fromdischarge chambers 51 and l58 into the ends .of a chamber 6I connectedby a single uncontrolled port with the tubular portion ofthe filler 4I.;The valve chamber 6I is cylindrical and forms a casing for a plug valve63 slidable to and fro in the chamber responsive to the combinedpressure and vacuum -produced by the pump gears and dependent on thedirection of rotation of such gears. The ends of the valve 63 arereduced in size for a sufficient distance to allow pressure or vacuumproduced by the gears to act on the main body of the valve and to causesuch main body of the valve to close off communication between thechambers 51 and 6I or the chambers 58 and 6I dependent on the positionof the valve 63. The discharge ports from chambers 51 and 58 are locatedapproximately 360 from each other in the direction of rotation of thegear considered from the meshing point of the gear and are locatedmidway between the inlet ports 48 and 49.

In operation, as the bevel gears 3I and 32 drive the eccentric 23 andhence the Crusher shaft I4, the pump housing 41 is rotated with theeccentric while the pump gear 52 is held stationary by contact of thearm 55 with the lug 56 on the sump wall 39. The pump gear 5I is rotatedby the housing 46 and being freely journaled in the housing rotates inits movement about the gear 52 thus describing a planetary mo-tion witha circular orbit about the gear 52 as the center of the circle.V Suchplanetary movement causes the oil to be continuously drawn in throughthe inlet ports 48 and 49 by the teeth of the gears and carried aroundto the meshing point of the gears where the oil is forced out by themeshing teeth and is forced through the outlet port from the chambers 51or 58 into the valve chamber 6I. The direction of gear rotationdetermines which of the ports from the chambers 51 or 58 is under oilpressure, the other of such chambers being under vacuumdue to the actionof the teeth as they unmesh. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, assuming thatthe Crusher is rotating in such direction as to cause the gear 5I torotate in the direction shown by the arrow, oil is drawn in through theports 4S and 49 and is forced up through the chamber 5l'. The oil flowsthrough the valve chamber 6i, the discharge port 62 and the tubularportion of the filler 4I into the space below the end of the shaft I4.Oil then fiows upwardly in the ducts 23 formed in the inner surface ofthe eccentric 23 adjacent the shaft I4 Vand discharges into the spaceabove the eccentric from which a portion of the oil flows downwardlythrough the ducts 29 formed in the outer surface of the eccentric 23adjacent the bushing 24, to lubricate the contacting surfaces of theeccentric and the bushing and for return to-the sump 39. Surplus oildischarges through the vducts 30- ou the bevel gears 32 and 3l andthence flows through the inlet into the passages 38 in the bottom plate31 which passages return the oil to the sump 39. The pump is immersed inthe oil filling the sump 39 and acts positively to circulate oil throughthe paths above described regardless of the direction of rotation of thecrusher. When it is therefore desired to loosen the head nut I9, it ismerely necessary to operate the crusher in the reverse direction ofrotation, which also merely reverses the direction of pump rotation andthe position of valve 63 but does not materially affect the continuousfiow of oil from the port 62 and through the path above described.Reverse rotation of the crusher causes the self-loosening of the nut I9after some time of ordinary crushing action and avoids all necessity forlaborious or dangerous efforts in loosening such nut or other headportion. It is no longer necessary to change the inlet ports of the pumpand the outlet ports are changed automatically when the direction ofrotation changes, thus avoiding all possibility of erroneous setting ofthe pump and operation of the crusher without lubrication of theeccentric bearing. The present invention therefore provides the doubleadvantage of avoiding the possibility of lack of lubrication due toimproper pump setting, and allows disassembly of the head parts Withoutloss of crushing time required for loosening the head parts and withoutany danger to the crusher.

Although but one embodiment of the present invention has beenillustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in theart that various changes and modifications may be made` therein withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of theappended claims.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft andmeans for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rotary movementtherebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating fluid and driven bya rotating part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusherregardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising ahousing mounted on the rotating part of the crusher and having aVplurality of uncontrolled ports for fluid inlet into the housing and asingle uncontrolledl port for fluid discharge from the housing, a pairof gears within the housing, and a valve within the housing forautomatically maintaining the flow of fiuid to the bearing regardless ofthe direction of rotation of the crusher rotating part and of said pump.

2. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft andmeans for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rota-rymovement therebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating fluid anddriven by a rotating part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing ofthe crusher regardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pumpcomprising a housing mounted on the rotating part of the crusher andhaving a plurality of chambers with a plurality of uncontrolled portsfor iiuid inlet into one of the chambers and with a plurality ofcontrolled ports between the chambers, a pair of intermeshing gears inone of the chambers, and a valve within the other of the chambers forcontrolling the controlled ports for automatically maintaining thedischarge of iiuid to the bearing upon reversal of the direction ofrotation of the crusher 'rotating part and of said pump.

3. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft andmeans for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rotary movementtherebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating iiuid and driven bya rotating part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusherregardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising ahousing mounted on the rotating part of the crusher and having aplurality of uncontrolled ports for uid inlet into the housing and asingle uncontrolled port for fluid discharge from the housing, a pair ofgears within the housing, one of the gears being held stationary and theother of the gears being rotatable and being carried about thestationary gear by the housing in a circular orbit, and a valve forautomatically maintaining the discharge of fluid to the bearingregardless of the direction of rotation of the crusher rotating part andof said pump.

4. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft andmeans for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rotary movementtherebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating fluid and driven bya rotary part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusherregardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising ahousing mounted on the rotary part of the crusher and a fluid forcingrotating element within the housing, the housing having an uncontrollediiuid inlet port thereinto and a fluid discharge therefrom, and valve.means associated with the housing for automatically maintaining the nowof fluid to the bearing regardless of the direction of rotation of thecrusher rotating part and of said pump.

ALEXANDER J. ROUBAL.

